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Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan
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Historical SummaryAny one of the classes bearing the same name may therefore present an unexpected assortment of individuals, and the acquisition and feeling of identity are evidently, as was noted for the language systems, dependent to some extent on habit formation. Thus, among the Nilotic Shilluk the term ora (man speaking) is applied to the following persons:
Wife’s father, wife’s father’s brother, wife’s mother, wife’s mother’s sister, wife’s brother, daughter’s husband, wife’s brother’s wife, sister’s husband; also the husband of all cousins, the wife’s mother’s mother, the mother of any uwa [uwa = brother (son of father) or classificatory "father’s" brother’s son].1
Among the South Andamanese the term dia chanola includes
father’s sister, mother’s sister, father’s brother’s wife, mother’s brother’s wife, grandmother, grandaunt, father’s father’s sister’s daughter, mother’s mother’s sister’s daughter, husband’s grandmother, wife’s grandmother, husband’s sister (if senior and a mother), elder brother’s wife (if a mother).2
Among the Haida the term kwuna (primary meaning, "father-in-law" and "son-in-law")
is employed by a woman for her husband’s father, her husband’s father’s own brother, her husband’s mother’s father, her daughter’s husband, her daughter’s daughter’s husband, and the husband of any clanswoman of the first descending generation. By men it is used—always reciprocally—between wife’s father and daughter’s husband, wife’s father’s own brother and own brother’s daughter’s husband, and wife’s mother’s father and daughter’s daughter’s husband. The plural, used only by married men and women, is extended to all the men of the father-in-law’s clan and associated clans of the same moiety.3
1Seligman, C.G.n/an/an/an/a and B.Z.n/an/an/an/an/a, , 51 (George Routledge and Sons. By permission).
2 Man, E. H., "On the Aboriginal Inhabitants of the Andaman Islands," Jour. Anth. Inst., 12: 422.
3 Murdock, G. P., "Kinship and Social Behavior among the Haida," Amer. Anth., N.S., 36: 373.
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Chicago: "Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan," Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan in Primitive Behavior: An Introduction to the Social Sciences, ed. Thomas, William I. (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1937), Original Sources, accessed January 15, 2025, http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=XF35C71AABPKKWT.
MLA: . "Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan." Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan, in Primitive Behavior: An Introduction to the Social Sciences, edited by Thomas, William I., New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1937, Original Sources. 15 Jan. 2025. http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=XF35C71AABPKKWT.
Harvard: , 'Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan' in Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan. cited in 1937, Primitive Behavior: An Introduction to the Social Sciences, ed. , McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York. Original Sources, retrieved 15 January 2025, from http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=XF35C71AABPKKWT.
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