|
|
Wilson v. Arkansas, 514 U.S. 927 (1995)
Contents:
Show Summary
Hide Summary
General SummaryThis case is from a collection containing the full text of over 16,000 Supreme Court cases from 1793 to the present. The body of Supreme Court decisions are, effectively, the final interpretation of the Constitution. Only an amendment to the Constitution can permanently overturn an interpretation and this has happened only four times in American history.
Wilson v. Arkansas, 514 U.S. 927 (1995)
Wilson v. Arkansas No. 94-5707 Argued March 28, 1995 Decided May 22, 1995 514 U.S. 927
CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS
Syllabus
Petitioner was convicted on state law drug charges after the Arkansas trial court denied her evidence-suppression motion, in which she asserted that the search of her home was invalid because, inter alia, the police had violated the common law principle requiring them to announce their presence and authority before entering. The State Supreme Court affirmed, rejecting petitioner’s argument that the common law "knock and announce" principle is required by the Fourth Amendment.
Held: The common law "knock and announce" principle forms a part of the Fourth Amendment reasonableness inquiry. Pp. 931-937.
(a) An officer’s unannounced entry into a home might, in some circumstances, be unreasonable under the Amendment. In evaluating the scope of the constitutional right to be secure in one’s house, this Court has looked to the traditional protections against unreasonable searches and seizures afforded by the common law at the time of the framing. Given the longstanding common law endorsement of the practice of announcement, and the wealth of founding-era commentaries, constitutional provisions, statutes, and cases espousing or supporting the "knock and announce" principle, this Court has little doubt that the Amendment’s Framers thought that whether officers announced their presence and authority before entering a dwelling was among the factors to be considered in assessing a search’s reasonableness. Nevertheless, the common law principle was never stated as an inflexible rule requiring announcement under all circumstances. Countervailing law enforcement interests -- including, e.g., the threat of physical harm to police, the fact that an officer is pursuing a recently escaped arrestee, and the existence of reason to believe that evidence would likely be destroyed if advance notice were given -- may establish the reasonableness of an unannounced entry. For now, this Court leaves to the lower courts the task of determining such relevant countervailing factors. Pp. 934-936.
(c) Respondent’s asserted reasons for affirming the judgment below -- that the police reasonably believed that a prior announcement would have placed them in peril and would have produced an unreasonable risk that petitioner would destroy easily disposable narcotics evidence -- may well provide the necessary justification for the unannounced entry in this case. The case is remanded to allow the state courts to make the reasonableness determination in the first instance. P. 937.
317 Ark. 548, 878 S. W.2d 755, reversed and remanded.
THOMAS, J., delivered the opinion for a unanimous Court.
Contents:
Chicago: U.S. Supreme Court, "Syllabus," Wilson v. Arkansas, 514 U.S. 927 (1995) in 514 U.S. 927 514 U.S. 928–514 U.S. 929. Original Sources, accessed November 22, 2024, http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=TLG7QR7EV2B5WW9.
MLA: U.S. Supreme Court. "Syllabus." Wilson v. Arkansas, 514 U.S. 927 (1995), in 514 U.S. 927, pp. 514 U.S. 928–514 U.S. 929. Original Sources. 22 Nov. 2024. http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=TLG7QR7EV2B5WW9.
Harvard: U.S. Supreme Court, 'Syllabus' in Wilson v. Arkansas, 514 U.S. 927 (1995). cited in 1995, 514 U.S. 927, pp.514 U.S. 928–514 U.S. 929. Original Sources, retrieved 22 November 2024, from http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=TLG7QR7EV2B5WW9.
|