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Woodby v. Ins, 385 U.S. 276 (1966)
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General SummaryThis case is from a collection containing the full text of over 16,000 Supreme Court cases from 1793 to the present. The body of Supreme Court decisions are, effectively, the final interpretation of the Constitution. Only an amendment to the Constitution can permanently overturn an interpretation and this has happened only four times in American history.
Woodby v. Ins, 385 U.S. 276 (1966)
Woodby v. Immigration and Naturalization Service No. 40 Argued November 17, 1966 Decided December 12, 1966 * 385 U.S. 276
CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
Syllabus
In No. 80, the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit originally set aside a deportation order against petitioner on the ground that the Government has the burden of proving the facts supporting deportability beyond a reasonable doubt, but then reversed itself and held that the Government need only prove its case with reasonable, substantial, and probative evidence. In No. 40, the Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit did not explicitly deal with the burden of persuasion imposed on the Government at the administrative level, but found only that the underlying deportation order was supported by reasonable, substantial, and probative evidence on the record considered as a whole. Section 106(a)(4) of the Immigration and Nationality Act states that a deportation order, "if supported by reasonable, substantial, and probative evidence on the record considered as a whole, shall be conclusive," and § 242(b)(4) of the Act provides that "no decision of deportability shall be valid unless it is based upon reasonable, substantial, and probative evidence."
Held: No deportation order may be entered unless the Government proves by clear, unequivocal, and convincing evidence that the facts alleged as grounds for deportation are true. Pp. 282-286.
(a) Sections 106(a)(4) and 242(b)(4) of the Act are addressed to the scope of judicial review, and not to the degree of proof required at the administrative level in deportation proceedings. Pp. 282-284.
(b) Congress has not specified the degree of proof required in deportation proceedings, a matter traditionally left to the courts to resolve. P. 284.
(c) In denaturalization and expatriation cases, the Government has been required by the Court to establish its allegations by clear, unequivocal, and convincing evidence, and that burden of proof is likewise appropriate in deportation proceedings. Pp. 285-286.
No. 40, 370 F.2d 989, and No. 80, 350 F.2d 894, 901, judgments set aside and remanded.
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Chicago: U.S. Supreme Court, "Syllabus," Woodby v. Ins, 385 U.S. 276 (1966) in 385 U.S. 276 385 U.S. 277. Original Sources, accessed November 24, 2024, http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=S1CNV4SETBW1D13.
MLA: U.S. Supreme Court. "Syllabus." Woodby v. Ins, 385 U.S. 276 (1966), in 385 U.S. 276, page 385 U.S. 277. Original Sources. 24 Nov. 2024. http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=S1CNV4SETBW1D13.
Harvard: U.S. Supreme Court, 'Syllabus' in Woodby v. Ins, 385 U.S. 276 (1966). cited in 1966, 385 U.S. 276, pp.385 U.S. 277. Original Sources, retrieved 24 November 2024, from http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=S1CNV4SETBW1D13.
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