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West Virginia State Bd. Of Educ. v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943)
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General SummaryThis case is from a collection containing the full text of over 16,000 Supreme Court cases from 1793 to the present. The body of Supreme Court decisions are, effectively, the final interpretation of the Constitution. Only an amendment to the Constitution can permanently overturn an interpretation and this has happened only four times in American history.
West Virginia State Bd. Of Educ. v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943)
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West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette No. 591 Argued March 11, 1943 Decided June 14, 1943 319 U.S. 624
APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF WEST VIRGINIA
Syllabus
1. State action against which the Fourteenth Amendment protects includes action by a state board of education. P. 637.
2. The action of a State in making it compulsory for children in the public schools to salute the flag and pledge allegiance -- by extending the right arm, palm upward, and declaring, "I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands; one Nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all" -- violates the First and Fourteenth Amendments. P. 642.
So held as applied to children who were expelled for refusal to comply, and whose absence thereby became "unlawful," subjecting them and their parents or guardians to punishment.
3. That those who refused compliance did so on religious grounds does not control the decision of this question, and it is unnecessary to inquire into the sincerity of their views. P. 634.
4. Under the Federal Constitution, compulsion as here employed is not a permissible means of achieving "national unity." P. 640.
5. Minersville School Dist. v. Gobitis, 310 U.S. 586, overruled; Hamilton v. Regents, 293 U.S. 245, distinguished. Pp. 642, 632.
47 F.Supp. 251, affirmed.
APPEAL from a decree of a District Court of three judges enjoining the enforcement of a regulation of the West Virginia State Board of Education requiring children in the public schools to salute the American flag.
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Chicago: U.S. Supreme Court, "Syllabus," West Virginia State Bd. Of Educ. v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943) in 319 U.S. 624 319 U.S. 625. Original Sources, accessed November 22, 2024, http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=NSZYNMFQ5NXAJ7P.
MLA: U.S. Supreme Court. "Syllabus." West Virginia State Bd. Of Educ. v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943), in 319 U.S. 624, page 319 U.S. 625. Original Sources. 22 Nov. 2024. http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=NSZYNMFQ5NXAJ7P.
Harvard: U.S. Supreme Court, 'Syllabus' in West Virginia State Bd. Of Educ. v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943). cited in 1943, 319 U.S. 624, pp.319 U.S. 625. Original Sources, retrieved 22 November 2024, from http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=NSZYNMFQ5NXAJ7P.
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