Louisville Trust Co. v. Knott, 191 U.S. 225 (1903)

Louisville Trust Co. v. Knott

No 389. Submitted October 13, 1903
Decided November 30, 1903
191 U.S. 225

APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE UNITED

STATES FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY

Syllabus

The question of jurisdiction which the Judiciary Act of March 3, 1891, c. 517, 26 Stat. 826, permits to be certified directly to this Court must be one involving the jurisdiction of the Circuit Court as a federal court, and not simply its general authority as a judicial tribunal to proceed in harmony with established rules of practice governing courts of concurrent jurisdiction as between themselves. Where the Circuit Court has jurisdiction and appoints a receiver, the question of jurisdiction under the above act cannot, on the intervention of a receiver appointed by the state court, be decided and certified directly to this Court to ascertain whether the Circuit Court or the state court had prior authority over the trust estate involved in the litigation.

This Court need not consider itself bound as to a question of jurisdiction because it may have exercised jurisdiction in a case where the question might have been raised, but passed sub silentio.United States v. More, 3 Cranch 159, 172.

This case arises out of the conflicting claims by the Circuit Court of the United States for the Western District of Kentucky and the Circuit Court of Jefferson County, Kentucky, Chancery Branch, as to the right to administer the property and affairs of the Evening Post Company, a corporation of Kentucky.

The federal court, having possession, by its receiver, of the property of that company, declined to surrender possession to the Louisville Trust Company, the receiver appointed by the state court. From the final order dismissing the intervening petition of the latter company, the present appeal was prosecuted. That order stated:

This appeal is granted solely upon the question of jurisdiction over the subject matter of the trust estate of the Evening Post Company in controversy, and the question of whether this Court, or the said Jefferson Circuit Court, Chancery Branch, first division, has prior jurisdiction in [is] the single question upon which this cause is decided as to the said Louisville Trust Company, this Court holding that its jurisdiction over the said trust estate of the Evening Post Company is prior and exclusive of the said Jefferson Circuit Court, Chancery Branch, first division, all of which is hereby certified on the appeal of the said Louisville Trust Company as receiver, etc., to the Supreme Court of the United States for review as required by law.

It will be more satisfactory and conduce to a clear understanding of the precise ground upon which our decision must rest if the principal facts in the history of this controversy be stated.

On the 30th day of April, 1903 at a meeting of the stockholders of the Post Company, a resolution was adopted -- all the stockholders except the owners of forty-eight shares concurring -- by which the Columbia Finance & Trust Company was appointed liquidator of that corporation, with authority to conduct its business and affairs for the benefit of stockholders until its property could be sold and possession delivered to the purchaser in accordance with the statute of Kentucky. The liquidator was directed from the proceeds of sale to pay the debts of the corporation, and to distribute any balance remaining among stockholders according to their legal rights. It took immediate possession of all the property, books, and papers of the Post Company.

On the 10th day of May, 1903, another corporation was organized under the laws of Kentucky. It is referred to in the record as the New Evening Post Company. To that company the liquidator, on May 18th, 1903, leased the property and assets of the old company, until a sale should take place.

Prior to the making of that instrument, to-wit, on May 12th, 1903, the executors and executrix of the estate of W. N. Haldeman commenced a suit in the Jefferson (Kentucky) Circuit Court, Chancery Branch, First Division, against the old Post Company, the Columbia Finance & Trust Company, Richard W. Knott, J. M. Atherton, John R. Knott, Eugene Q. Knott, and Laura G. Boyle, the plaintiffs and the individual defendants being respectively owners of stock in the old company. The object of that suit, as disclosed by the petition, was to obtain a settlement of the accounts of the company and of its liquidator, and to that end the plaintiffs asked a reference of the cause to the commissioner of the court to audit and settle the accounts of the Columbia Finance & Trust Company, and after such auditing and settlement, that the assets of the company be sold, and the proceeds distributed according to law. The plaintiffs further prayed that, pending the action and until the final liquidation of the affairs of the old company and the sale of its assets, the court determine whether its affairs should be continued in operation, and if so, that the management of the plant be under the direction of the court; further, that a preliminary order be entered, commanding and directing the defendants and each of them to allow the plaintiffs reasonable access to, and an examination of, the books, papers, documents, and affairs of the old company, including all documentary information in connection therewith in the possession of defendants or of either of them.

On the 19th of May, 1903, upon due notice, the plaintiffs moved for an order directing the defendants to allow the plaintiffs, their counsel, and accountant reasonable access to, and inspection of, the books, records, and documents of the old company relating to its assets, liabilities, and business affairs. To that motion the defendants objected, and the motion was assigned for hearing on May 23d 1903. On the day last named, the parties appeared, the plaintiffs filed affidavits in support of their motion, and the defendants interposed a demurrer to the petition, as well as filed their several answers. The motion and demurrer were heard in part, and the further hearing of them was postponed until May 25th, 1903. On the latter day, the hearing not being concluded, the cause was postponed until the 30th of May, on which day it was submitted on the pending motion of plaintiffs, on defendants’ demurrer to the petition, and on a motion of the Columbia Finance & Trust Company, entered on that day, for leave to file an amended and supplemental answer. By an order entered June 4th, 1903, the plaintiffs’ motion, made on the 19th day of May, 1903, was sustained, and the defendants, and each of them, were commanded and directed, until the further orders of the court, to allow and afford the plaintiffs, their attorneys, or accountant, during business hours, reasonable access to and an inspection of the books, records, and documents of the Post Company touching its conditions and business affairs, and especially touching its assets and liabilities, and the considerations paid or received therefor. The demurrer of the defendants was also overruled, and the objection to the filing of the amended and supplemental answer of the Columbia Finance & Trust Company, trustee, tendered May 30th, 1903, was sustained.

While the above motion in the state court was pending, Stuart R. Knott, a citizen of Missouri and not a party to the suit in the state court, obtained, May 26th, 1903, in the Circuit Court of the United States for the Western District of Kentucky, a judgment against the old company for $6,000, with interest from April 30th, 1903. Upon that judgment execution immediately issued, and was returned the next day, May 27th, 1903, "no property found." And on the latter day, the present suit was commenced by him in the United States circuit court against the Evening Post Company, Columbia Finance & Trust Company, R. W. Knott, B. G. Boyle, and E. Q. Knott, each defendant being a citizen of Kentucky. The prayer of the bill was that the court at once appoint a receiver of all the rights, properties, franchises, books of account, records, documents, choses in action, and all other things belonging to the Post Company, forthwith to report what such property is, and what arrangement can be made for the continued publication of said paper until a decree could be entered directing a sale herein; that all proper equitable relief may be had looking to the administration of the estate of the company and the payment of its just debts, and to that end the sale of its property and the bringing of any money produced by such sale into the registry of the court for distribution among creditors.

On the 28th day of May, 1903, all the defendants in the suit in the United States circuit court assenting thereto, a receiver of the property and assets of the Post Company was appointed by that court, and the defendants were directed forthwith to deliver to him all such property and assets of every kind and description. That receiver took immediate possession, and, under the authority of the court, entered into a contract with the new company for the publication of the paper until the assets of the old company were sold.

The plaintiff in the suit in the state court entered, June 13th, 1903, a formal motion to appoint a receiver to take charge of and manage the property and affairs of the Post Company, and on June 18th, the defendants in that suit appeared and objected to the motion upon the ground that the assets of the company were already in the possession and under the control of a receiver appointed by the United States circuit court in the suit instituted by Stuart R. Knott. This objection was overruled, and the state court, by order entered June 27th, 1903, appointed the Louisville Trust Company receiver, with authority to claim and take possession of the property and assets of the Post Company. By the same order, the commissioner of the court was directed to audit, state, and settle the accounts of the Columbia Finance & Trust Company as liquidator and trustee of the old Post Company.

Subsequently, June 30th, 1903, the state court, by order then entered, directed its receiver to intervene in the suit instituted in the federal court and claim the estate in question for administration and settlement in the state court. The latter court was of the opinion that its jurisdiction to administer the said trust estate first attached, and in order that the relief sought at its hands might be granted, it was necessary that it have possession and control of the property of the Post Company. Its receiver was therefor ordered to intervene in the suit pending in the federal court, claim the trust estate for administration and settlement in the state court, and test the question as to the prior jurisdiction of the state court over the subject matter.

Pursuant to that order, the Louisville Trust Company intervened in the suit in the federal court, and moved that its receiver be directed to turn over the property to the receiver of the state court. This motion was denied, Judge Evans, of the federal court, accompanying the denial of the motion with an elaborate opinion, Knott v. Evening Post Co., 124 F. 242, which concluded as follows:

First, that the proceedings in the suit in the state court, when given their just effect, had not in any way, when this court’s receiver was appointed, brought into the custody of that court any property of the Evening Post Company, nor could they be regarded as having in fact done so even if their scope were measured by the prayer of the plaintiff’s petition, rather than its averments; second, that it was therefore open to this court to appoint a receiver, and thereby judicially seize the property of the company at the instance of a judgment creditor; and third, that having thus first acquired jurisdiction over the property thus seized, the established principles of law and the plain rights of the judgment creditor demand that this court shall maintain its jurisdiction over it under these circumstances as certainly as it would have abandoned it if the first seizure had been by the state court. It results that the motion of the intervening petitioner must be overruled and denied and intervening petition dismissed.