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More Wonders of the Invisible World
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Historical SummarySPORADIC upsurges of "hexing" in the Pennsylvania Dutch country attest the virility of witchcraft even in the Age of the H-Bomb. But in the Middle Ages witches were universally believed to be malignant beings who practiced all forms of the black art. Fearful persecutions of suspects followed, notably between the fifteenth and the seventeenth centuries. Witchcraft became an easy means of destroying an enemy or confiscating an estate. On this side of the ocean witches were tried and executed in a number of the colonies, culminating in an unsurpassed ecstasy of witch-hunting in the year 1692, when a score of suspects were put to death in the Massachusetts town of Salem. When, several years earlier, the children of a Boston mason named Goodwin became afflicted with fits, a nervous, tensely suspicious community was thrown into paroxysms of fear. Several rag dolls were found in the house of an old, half-crazy Irish Catholic laundress. She confessed to having stroked them in order to torment her victims, the Goodwin children, and was executed. At this point Cotton Mather, a leading Puritan minister, stepped into the picture. He brought the oldest Goodwin girl into his own home for observation and reported her every movement. Knowing nothing of child psychology, Mather had the wool pulled over his eyes. It was a field day for juvenile exhibitionism, and it all was solemnly recorded in Mather’s Memorable Providences (1689). The climax of the witchcraft mania occurred in Salem Village. A group of young girls, steeped in West Indian voodoo lore, which they had picked up from two slaves, began to shout that they were "afflicted." They went through all sorts of contortions and acted like creatures possessed. They accused one neighbor after another of torturing them. Most notable of all the victims of their hysterical accusations was the Reverend George Burroughs, whose trial as reported by Cotton Mather in his notorious Wonders of the Invisible World has been included in our anthology. On the scaffold the condemned minister moved the crowd by the obvious sincerity of his remarks. The bystanders muttered. But Cotton Mather hurriedly came forward and satisfied the audience that the execution was an act of justice. This dramatic scene has been reported through the sympathetic eyes of Robert Calef, a clear-sighted opponent of the witch mania, who witheringly attacked Mather in his More Wonders of the Invisible World. The adolescents realized that they had the community completely at their mercy. They grew more reckless in their accusations, and the magistrates finally called a halt. Five years afterwards, Judge Samuel Sewall got up in Old South Church and courageously acknowledged his error. Cotton Mather asserted that there was a "plot of the Devil against New England." Nevertheless, he denied his account of the trials was that of an "advocate" but insisted that he was an "historian." The court placed its imprimatur upon his report of the trials.
Key QuoteCertain wonders of the invisible world are witnessed by an insider: "It cost the Court a wonderful deal of trouble to hear the testimonies of the sufferers."
Psychoneurosis at Salem
[1692]
II
[Robert Calef, , 1700]
Mr. Burroughs was carried in a cart with the others through the streets of Salem to execution. When he was upon the ladder, he made a speech for the clearing of his innocence, with such solemn and serious expressions as were to the admiration of all present. His prayer (which he concluded by repeating the Lord Prayer) was so well worded, and uttered with such composedness and such (at least seeming) fervency of spirit, as was very affecting and drew tears from many (so that it seemed to some that the spectators would hinder the execution).
The accusers said the black man stood and dictated to him. As soon as he was turned off, Mr. Cotton Mather, being mounted upon a horse, addressed himself to the people, partly to declare that he was no ordained minister, and partly to possess the people of his guilt, saying: That the Devil has often been transformed into an Angel of Light. And this did somewhat appease the people, and the executions went on.
When he was cut down, he was dragged by the halter to a hole, or grave, between the rocks, about two foot deep, his shirt and breeches being pulled off, and an old pair of trousers of one executed put on his lower parts. He was so put in, together with Willard and Carryer, one of his hands and his chin and a foot of one [of] them, being left uncovered.
Chicago: Cotton Mather, More Wonders of the Invisible World in History in the First Person: Eyewitnesses of Great Events: They Saw It Happen, ed. Louis Leo Snyder and Richard B. Morris (Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole Co., 1951), Original Sources, accessed November 23, 2024, http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=G4SGPSPXEQRRQ63.
MLA: Mather, Cotton. More Wonders of the Invisible World, in History in the First Person: Eyewitnesses of Great Events: They Saw It Happen, edited by Louis Leo Snyder and Richard B. Morris, Harrisburg, Pa., Stackpole Co., 1951, Original Sources. 23 Nov. 2024. http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=G4SGPSPXEQRRQ63.
Harvard: Mather, C, More Wonders of the Invisible World. cited in 1951, History in the First Person: Eyewitnesses of Great Events: They Saw It Happen, ed. , Stackpole Co., Harrisburg, Pa.. Original Sources, retrieved 23 November 2024, from http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=G4SGPSPXEQRRQ63.
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