United States v. Borcherling, 185 U.S. 223 (1902)

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United States v. Borcherling

No. 150

Argued January 30-31, 1902
Decided April 14, 1902
185 U.S. 223

APPEAL FROM THE COURT OF CLAIMS

Syllabus

The facts and law of this case were so fully and satisfactorily discussed in the Court of Claims that its opinion might well be adopted as that of this Court.

That court held that the claimant Borcherling was entitled, on the facts shown, to recover from the United States the sum of seven thousand and nine hundred dollars, and this Court holds that the conclusions of that court were correct, and affirms the judgment.

The rule that, as between different states or sovereignties, the courts of one will not aid the officers of another to withdraw funds or property of a decedent without providing for local creditors has no application to a case like the present.

The facts of this case were thus found by the Court of Claims:

By Act of Congress approved February 23, 1891, the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States was authorized and directed to adjust, upon principles of equity and justice, the accounts of Rodman M. Price, late purser in the United States Navy and acting navy agent at San Francisco, crediting him with the sum paid over to and receipted for by his successor, A. M. Van Nostrand, acting purser, January 14, 1850, and pay to said Rodman M. Price, or his heirs, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, any sum that may be found due him upon such adjustment.

August 31, 1892, the Treasury officials adjusted Price’s accounts, and found there was due him $76,204.08, which included a credit of $75,000 that Price said he had advanced to Van Nostrand from his private funds.

In 1857, Samuel Forrest recovered in the Supreme Court of New Jersey a judgment against Price for $17,000 and costs. Execution on that judgment was returned unsatisfied. Forrest died in 1869, intestate.

In 1874, his widow, Anna M. Forrest, as administratrix of his estate, revived the judgment by scire facias. In her bill, she prayed discovery, injunction, and the appointment of a receiver. Price and his wife answered. The cause slept till August 9, 1892, when Mrs. Forrest, administratrix, filed a petition stating that, since filing her bill of complaint, no payment had been made on the judgment against Price; that neither she nor her solicitors had been able to find any personalty or real estate belonging to Price by levy upon and sale of which any part of the amount due on the judgment could be obtained; that it had lately come to her knowledge that about $45,000 was about to be paid Price by officers of the Treasury of the United States; that that sum was to be paid by the delivery to Price or his attorneys of a draft of the Treasurer of the United States payable to his order; that said draft was to be made and the transaction closed on the 15th day of August thereafter, and if Price obtained said money he would, unless restrained, put the same beyond the reach of the petitioner.

The petitioner prayed the appointment of a receiver of the draft, and that Price be ordered immediately on the receipt of such draft to indorse the same to the receiver, to the end that the same might be received by him as an officer of the court and disposed of according to law.

The chancellor, August 8, 1892, issued a rule, returnable September 12, 1892, to show cause, and restraining Price from making any indorsement of the draft referred to in the petition.

A duly certified copy of the order was served upon Price August 10, 1892. Nevertheless, after that date, Price received from the Assistant Treasurer of the United States at Washington, and, without permission of the court, collected for several drafts signed by that officer for the respective sums of $2,704.08, $13,500, $20,000, and $9,000, in all the sum of $45,204.08, leaving in the hands of the United States of the amount due on the settlement of Price’s accounts the sum of about $31,000.

On the 10th day of October, 1892, Charles Borcherling was appointed by the chancery court receiver in said cause of the property and things in action belonging or due to or held in trust for Price at the time of issuing said executions, or at any time afterwards, and especially of said four drafts, with authority to possess, receive, and sue for such property and things in action and the evidence thereof, and it was made the duty of the receiver to hold such drafts subject to the further order of the court. The receiver was required to give bond in the sum of $40,000, conditioned for the faithful discharge of his duties. At the same time, Price was ordered to convey and deliver to the receiver all such property and things in action and the evidence thereof, and especially forthwith to indorse and deliver the drafts to him, and he and all agents or attorneys appointed by him were enjoined and restrained from intermeddling with the receiver in regard to said drafts and ordered, if in possession or control thereof, to deliver them to the receiver with an indorsement to that officer or to the clerk of the court for deposit, provided the order should be void if the drafts other than the one for $9,000 were delivered with Price’s indorsement to the clerk, the proceeds to be deposited to the credit of the cause. Price was expressly enjoined from making any indorsement or appropriation of the drafts other than to the receiver or the clerk for deposit.

The receiver gave the required bond, and having entered upon the duties of his office, he caused a copy of the above order to be served upon Price, and demanded compliance with its provisions.

In 1892, the particular day not being stated, the chancery court issued an attachment against Price for contempt of court in disobeying the order of August 8, 1892. By an order made May 18, 1894, the court held him to be guilty of such contempt, and he was directed to pay the receiver the sum of $31,704.08, and a fine of $50 and costs, and in default of obedience to that order to be imprisoned in the county jail until it was complied with. 52 N.J.Eq. 16, 31. Upon appeal to the Court of Errors and Appeals, the order of the chancery court was affirmed. 53 N.J.Eq. 693.

The Treasury Department, at the time of allowing the $76,204.08, withheld $31,000, under the provisions of the Act of March 3, 1875, 18 Stat. 481, to await the determination of a suit to be instituted against Price, or surety upon Van Nostrand’s bond as acting purser, United States Navy.

The suit was instituted, but was dismissed some time previous to December 22, 1893.

On the 16th of July, 1892, counsel for Mrs. Forrest wrote the Secretary of the Treasury referring to a previous letter to the Department of May 14, 1891, in the matter of the claim of Rodman M. Price, and asking to be seasonably advised in case the Department took action in the direction desired by Price.

The Secretary was advised that Mrs. Forrest could prove to the satisfaction of the Department that, if Mr. Price did turn over $75,000, or any large sum, to the United States, a part of that sum, namely, $17,078.04, must have belonged to Mrs. Forrest; that it was trust money, and it would not be equitable to cause that much to be paid to Price.

By letter of November 27, 1893, counsel for the receiver notified the Secretary of the Treasury of Borcherling’s appointment and qualification by giving bond of $40,000; that Price, though personally enjoined, had, in contempt of the New Jersey court, indorsed the drafts and collected the proceeds. The letter enclosed is a certified copy of the order of the court, October 10, 1892, appointing the receiver. Counsel in behalf of the receiver made claim for the balance of $31,000 about to be paid Price under Act of February 23, 1891.

The letter closed as follows:

I respectfully ask that comity be shown the Chancellor of New Jersey, and that the draft to be issued in payment of the balance due and payable to the order of Rodman M. Price be not delivered (or mailed) to said Price or his attorney, but be transmitted to the Chancery Court of the State of New Jersey at Trenton, N.J., where said Price’s rights will be abundantly protected, the receiver, of course, being an impartial officer of the court. I request that, before action is taken (other than as asked for by the receiver), due notice may be given me that the receiver may be heard, to set forth the reasons why this disposition should be made of the drafts in question. Let me add that the Forrest judgment and interest now exceeds the sum of $60,000.

On December 4, 1893, the Chancery Court of New Jersey, being informed by the receiver that Price, assisted by John C. Fay, Esq., his attorney, was endeavoring to obtain payment at the Treasury of the balance, about $30,000, of this debt and appropriate it for his own use, issued orders against Price enjoining him from seeking to obtain payment of any part of that sum.

On December 6, 1893, the receiver notified the Secretary of the Treasury, by letter, that a copy of injunction of December 4 had been served upon Price, and enclosed a copy of the same to the secretary. He also invited the attention of the Secretary to the opinion of the Court of Claims in Redfield v. United States, in the twenty-seventh volume of reports of the court, informed him that he (the receiver) had applied to the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia for an injunction, and asked that, if that court should not grant relief, he might have the benefit of the injunction of the New Jersey court now brought to the Secretary’s notice. The receiver asked that, if no relief were granted by the Supreme Court of the District, that the Secretary send the drafts (otherwise to be handed to R. M. Price) to the Chancellor of New Jersey at Trenton.

The Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, December 19, 1893, in a proceeding for injunction upon bill of Borcherling, receiver, and Anna M. Forrest, administratrix, after personal service upon Price and Fay, enjoined Price from receiving, assigning, collecting, or indorsing to his own use, by himself or by attorney, any warrants or drafts from the Treasury on the United States in payment, in whole or in part, of any balance remaining unpaid under Act of February 23, 1891, until the further order of the court, and it being the design of this order in nowise to interfere with the claim of any creditor of the said Rodman M. Price, resident in this District, against said Price, it is further ordered and decreed that, upon the representation of any person so claiming to be a creditor in this District and the establishment of such claim in a manner that shall satisfy the court of the bona fide existence of such claim, so much of said balance as shall be sufficient to cover any and all such claims so established shall be considered as exonerated from the effect of this decree.

The Supreme Court of the District, on the 22d of December, 1893, passed the following order in the said suit:

From the affidavits of John C. Fay and Jeremiah M. Wilson, claimants, and the assent and affidavit of the said Rodman M. Price, filed this day, it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that John C. Fay, Richard J. Bright, Frank S. Bright, Samuel Shellabarger, J. M. Wilson, and M. L. Woods, residents of the District of Columbia, appear to be bona fide creditors of the defendant, Rodman M. Price, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that as such they have bona fide claims for services rendered said Price to the extent of $7,900, it is ordered that the sum of seven thousand nine hundred dollars ($7,900) shall be exonerated from the effects of the decree passed herein on the 19th of December instant, restraining and enjoining Rodman M. Price from receiving, etc., any warrants or drafts from the Treasury in payment of the whole or any part of the balance due him under the act of February 23, 1891, and said injunction order shall not operate to affect said sum of seven thousand nine hundred dollars.

Counsel for the receiver, Friday, December 22, 1893, addressed the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, setting forth the fact that the order of that day had been hastily acted upon, and explaining that the judge sent a verbal order to counsel to be in court at 1 o’clock; that he had already told Mr. Fay, attorney of Price, that he wanted copies of his papers served two days in advance, in compliance with the rules; that at 12 o’clock he had been telegraphed for to go out of the city on account of illness in his family, and had sent a message to that effect to the judge. The letter also notified the Secretary that the receiver claimed that the money under the Redfield case belonged to the receiver, and not to Price. Counsel asked a reasonable delay; that he was obliged to leave Washington, but expected fully to return Saturday night, and expressed hope that "no action will be railroaded through to pay out any money tomorrow." He also notified the Treasury that a mandatory order had been issued against Price in New Jersey, and asked that, before any action was taken to paying Price, that he (counsel) might be heard to show reason why the money had not passed to the receiver under the ruling of the Redfield case, copy of which he enclosed.

The same day, counsel for the receiver sent the following telegram to the Secretary of the Treasury: "Washington, D.C. December 22, 1893. To Secretary of Treasury, Washington, D.C.: Please defer action in Price matter over tomorrow. The receiver notifies Treasury that he claims the money is his, not Price’s, and will hold the United States responsible if paid Price or his attorney. Frank W. Hackett, attorney for receiver."

On the same day, namely Friday, December 22, 1893, the Acting Secretary of the Treasury endorsed a copy of the order of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia of December 22, with a reference to the Second Comptroller to issue a certificate in favor of Rodman M. Price for $7,900, "the balance to be withheld pending an injunction against Price from receiving said balance."

On the same day, Friday, December 22, 1893, Second Comptroller certified that there were due and payable to Rodman M. Price $7,900, the balance, $23,100, to be withheld "pending an injunction against Price from recovering said balance now pending before the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia."

The draft on navy warrant No. 907, dated December 23, 1893, and payable to the order of Rodman M. Price, late purser, United States Navy, for $7,900, was paid at the Treasury December 23, 1893, by the Treasurer of the United States, said draft being indorsed "Rodman M. Price, late purser, United States Navy; John C. Fay."

On the 25th of December, 1893, Borcherling, receiver, addressed a letter to the Secretary of the Treasury, claiming that on and after October 10, 1892, all property in the right to Price to receive from the United States the balance under the act approved February 19, 1881, passed to him, the receiver. He reminded the Secretary that, on the 27th of November, 1893, he had the honor of advising the Treasury of his appointment and enclosing a copy of the order of the chancellor; that Mr. Fay, attorney for Mr. Price, had full notice of the receivership, as well as of the injunction of the court of chancery addressed to Price and his attorneys forbidding them from receiving any part of the $31,000, and that both Fay and Price had committed contempt of court. The receiver asked the Secretary to take the opinion of the Attorney General upon the following questions:

1. Did the appointment of a receiver by the Chancery Court of New Jersey convey to that officer the property in the claim against the United States of Rodman M. Price?

2. Would payment to the receiver be a quittance to the United States in the premises?

3. Can the Secretary of the Treasury safely pay to Rodman M. Price or his heirs the money still unpaid under the act of February 19, 1891, now that the receiver claims that it should be paid over to him?

A similar letter was addressed by the receiver and his counsel to the Secretary of the Navy.

On April 1, 1899, the Comptroller ordered the balance, $23,100, to be paid to Charles Borcherling, receiver, and the same was paid at the Treasury that day to Mr. Borcherling, the present claimant.

Upon the foregoing findings of fact the court decide, as a conclusion of law, that the claimant is entitled to recover from the United States the sum of seven thousand and nine hundred dollars ($7,900).

Thereafter, an appeal was allowed and taken to this Court.