Goudy v. Meath, 203 U.S. 146 (1906)

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Goudy v. Meath

No. 53

Submitted October 23, 1906
Decided November 19, 1906
203 U.S. 146

ERROR TO THE SUPREME COURT

OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

Syllabus

Where a state by statute makes the allotted lands of Indians alienable the same as lands of citizens, and Congress by statute postpones the operation of the state statute for a definite period, when that period has expired, all restriction upon alienation, both voluntary and involuntary, by operation of law, such as taxation and levy and sale thereunder, ceases.

Although Congress may by statute give Indians a right of voluntary alienation of allotted lands but exempt such lands from levy, sale and forfeiture, such an exemption cannot exist by implication but must be clearly manifested.

By the Act of February 8, 1887, allottee Indians became citizens, and their property, unless clearly exempted by statute, is subject to taxation in the same manner as that of other citizens.

38 Wash. 126 affirmed.

This case is before us on error to the Supreme Court of Washington. 38 Wash. 126. It was submitted to the state courts on an agreed statement of facts, and involves the question of the liability of the land of the plaintiff, now plaintiff in error, to taxation for the year 1904. He is a Puyallup Indian, and claims exemption under and by virtue of the treaty of December 26, 1854. 10 Stat. 1132. That treaty provided for an allotment of land in severalty to such members of the tribe as were willing to avail themselves of the privilege, on the same terms, and subject to the same regulations, as were named in the treaty with the Omahas. The latter treaty, March 16, 1854, 10 Stat. 1043, authorized the President to issue a patent for any allotted land,

conditioned that the tract shall not be aliened or leased for a longer term than two years, and shall be exempt from levy, sale, or forfeiture, which conditions shall continue in force until a state constitution, embracing such lands within its boundaries, shall have been formed, and the legislature of the state shall remove the restrictions. . . . No state legislature shall remove the restrictions herein provided for without the consent of Congress.

Under this treaty, on January 30, 1886, a patent to the plaintiff was issued. One of the facts agreed upon is the following:

That, since the issuance of said patent, and by an act of Congress passed and approved on the eighth day of February, 1887, plaintiff became and now is a citizen of the United States, and entitled to all the rights, privileges, and immunities of such citizens. Said act is found in the United States Statutes at Large, vol. 24, chapter 119 at page 388.

In 1889, Washington was admitted as a state. Its first legislature enacted:

SECTION 1. That the said Indians who now hold. or who may hereafter hold, any of the lands of any reservation, in severalty, located in this state, by virtue of treaties made between them and the United States, shall have power to lease, encumber, grant, and alien the same in like manner and with like effect as any other person may do under the laws of the United States and of this state, and all restrictions in reference thereto are hereby removed.

Laws 1889, 1890, p. 499.

In 1893, Congress passed an act, 27 Stat. 612, 633, authorizing the appointment of a commission with power to superintend the sale of the allotted lands, with this proviso:

That the Indian allottees shall not have power of alienation of the allotted lands not selected for sale by said commission for a period of ten years from the date of the passage of this act.

Construing these several acts, the Secretary of the Interior, on February 14, 1903, wrote to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, summing up his conclusions in these words:

I am of the opinion that the requirements of the treaties with respect to these lands have been fully met, and that the provisions of the act of the legislature of the State of Washington of March 22, 1890, and the Indian appropriation Act of March 3, 1893, referred to above, together operate to remove all restrictions upon the alienation or sale thereof by the allottees. I have therefore to direct that the Puyallup commissioner be instructed to continue the selection and appraisement of such portions of the Puyallup allotted lands, but only with the consent of the Indians, as provided in the Act of March 3, 1893, until the expiration of the ten-year period mentioned, to-wit, March 3, 1903, after which date, in my judgment, the Puyallup Indian allottees will "have power to lease, encumber, grant, and alien the same in like manner and like effect as any other person may do under the laws of the United States, and of" the State of Washington.

You are further directed to instruct the commissioner to take the necessary steps to complete and close up the business of his office as soon as practicable after March 3 next.