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U.S. Code, Title 15, Commerce and Trade
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General SummaryThe U.S. Code is a consolidation and codification by subject matter of the general and permanent laws of the United States. While every effort has been made to ensure that this reproduction of the Code is accurate, those using it for legal purposes should verify their results against the printed version of the Code available through the Government Printing Office.
§ 44. Definitions
The words defined in this section shall have the following meaning when found in this subchapter, to wit:
"Commerce" means commerce among the several States or with foreign nations, or in any Territory of the United States or in the District of Columbia, or between any such Territory and another, or between any such Territory and any State or foreign nation, or between the District of Columbia and any State or Territory or foreign nation.
"Corporation" shall be deemed to include any company, trust, so-called Massachusetts trust, or association, incorporated or unincorporated, which is organized to carry on business for its own profit or that of its members, and has shares of capital or capital stock or certificates of interest, and any company, trust, so-called Massachusetts trust, or association, incorporated or unincorporated, without shares of capital or capital stock or certificates of interest, except partnerships, which is organized to carry on business for its own profit or that of its members.
"Documentary evidence" includes all documents, papers, correspondence, books of account, and financial and corporate records.
"Acts to regulate commerce" means subtitle IV of title 49 and the Communications Act of 1934 [47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.] and all Acts amendatory thereof and supplementary thereto.
"Antitrust Acts" means the Act entitled "An Act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies", approved July 2, 1890; also sections 73 to 77, inclusive, of an Act entitled "An Act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes", approved August 27, 1894; also the Act entitled "An Act to amend sections 73 and 76 of the Act of August 27, 1894, entitled `An Act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes’ ", approved February 12, 1913; and also the Act entitled "An Act to supplement existing laws against unlawful restraints and monopolies, and for other purposes", approved October 15, 1914.
"Banks" means the types of banks and other financial institutions referred to in section 57a(f)(2) of this title.
(Sept. 26, 1914, ch. 311, § 4, 38 Stat. 719; Mar. 21, 1938, ch. 49, § 2, 52 Stat. 111; Pub. L. 102–242, title II, § 212(g)(1), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2302.)
References in Text
The Communications Act of 1934, referred to in text, is act June 19, 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat. 1064, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 5 (§ 151 et seq.) of Title 47, Telegraphs, Telephones, and Radiotelegraphs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 609 of Title 47 and Tables.
The Act entitled "An Act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies," approved July 2, 1890, referred to in the text, is known as the Sherman Act, and is classified to sections 1 to 7 of this title.
Sections 73 to 77, inclusive, of an Act entitled "An Act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes", approved August 27, 1894, referred to in text, are known as the Wilson Tariff Act. Sections 73 to 76 are classified to sections 8 to 11 of this title, and section 77 was not classified to the Code.
Act February 12, 1913, is set out as amendments to sections 8 and 11 of this title.
The Act entitled "An Act to supplement existing laws against unlawful restraints and monopolies, and for other purposes", approved October 15, 1914, referred to in text, is the Clayton Act. For classification of the Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 12 of this title.
Codification
"Subtitle IV of title 49" substituted in text for "the Act entitled `An Act to regulate commerce’, approved February 14, 1887, and all Acts amendatory thereof and supplementary thereto" on authority of Pub. L. 95–473, § 3(b), Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1466, the first section of which enacted subtitle IV of Title 49, Transportation.
1991—Pub. L. 102–242 added par. defining "Banks".
1938—Act Mar. 21, 1938, amended section generally.
Contents:
Chicago: "U.S. Congress, Office of the Law Revision Counsel", "§ 44. Definitions," U.S. Code, Title 15, Commerce and Trade in U.S. Code, Title 15, Commerce and Trade (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 2002), Original Sources, accessed January 15, 2025, http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=DDLCB4ILPJSAMZT.
MLA: "U.S. Congress, Office of the Law Revision Counsel". "§ 44. Definitions." U.S. Code, Title 15, Commerce and Trade, in U.S. Code, Title 15, Commerce and Trade, Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 2002, Original Sources. 15 Jan. 2025. http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=DDLCB4ILPJSAMZT.
Harvard: "U.S. Congress, Office of the Law Revision Counsel", '§ 44. Definitions' in U.S. Code, Title 15, Commerce and Trade. cited in 2002, U.S. Code, Title 15, Commerce and Trade, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.. Original Sources, retrieved 15 January 2025, from http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=DDLCB4ILPJSAMZT.
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