Now to return to the metropolis Hang Cheu, I must observe that having gone through a great part of it with my two companions, the throng of people was so great, that we could scarce make way through the streets. We saw not one women tho’ we looked about very carefully, only to be satisfied of the great retirement of those women. . . . During the forty days I traveled, I never saw more than three women, either in towns, upon the road, or at the inns. . . . Among us it will seem incredible, among them it will seem too much that I saw three.2

The foot-binding of the women of the upper classes was favorable to keeping them out of circulation.

2Navarette, D.F.n/an/an/an/a, "An Account of the Empire of China," in Churchill, A. and J., , 1: 17, 245.