Thomas Hobbes (April 5, 1588-December 4, 1679) was an English political philosopher. He was famously known for his 1651 book, Leviathan. In Leviathan, he denied that people are naturally social beings and argued that basic motives are selfish. Hobbes was an advocate of absolution for the sovereign but acknowledged European liberal thought: the right of the individual. In addition to political philosophy, he contributed to many fields, including history, physics, theology, ethics, and mathematics.