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Documents and Readings in the History of Europe Since 1918
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Historical SummaryThe British and French Governments warned Berlin that they would help Poland unless Germany halted her aggression and withdrew her forces from Polish soil. Upon Germany’s refusal to reply, Great Britain declared the existence of a state of war between herself and Germany as of 11:00 A.M. on September 3; France followed suit as of 5:00 P.M. of the same day. Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain announced the state of war in the following remarks to the House of Commons.
World History 251.
British Declaration of State of War With Germany, September 3, 19398
When I spoke last night to the House I could not but be aware that in some parts of the House there were doubts and some bewilderment as to whether there had been any weakening, hesitation or vacillation on the part of His Majesty’s Government. In the circumstances, I make no reproach, for if I had been in the same position as hon. members not sitting on this Bench and not in possession of all the information which we have, I should very likely have felt the same. The statement which I have to make this morning will show that there were no grounds for doubt. We were in consultation all day yesterday with the French Government and we felt that the intensified action which the Germans were taking against Poland allowed no delay in making our own position clear. Accordingly, we decided to send to our Ambassador in Berlin instructions which he was to hand at nine o’clock this morning to the German Foreign Secretary and which read as follows:
"Sir,
In the communication which I had the honour to make to you on 1st September, I informed you, on the instructions of His Majesty’s Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, that unless the German Government were prepared to give His Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom satisfactory assurances that the German Government had suspended all aggressive action against Poland and were prepared promptly to withdraw their forces from Polish territory, His Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom would, without hesitation, fulfil their obligations to Poland.
Although this communication was made more than 24 hours ago, no reply has been received, but German attacks upon Poland have been continued and intensified. I have, accordingly, the honour to inform you that unless not later than 11 A.M., British Summer Time, to-day, September 3rd, satisfactory assurances to the above effect have been given by the German Government and have reached His Majesty’s Government in London, a state of war will exist between the two countries as from that hour."
That was the final Note. No such undertaking was received by the time stipulated, and, consequently, this country is at war with Germany. I am in a position to inform the House that, according to arrangements made between the British and French Governments, the French Ambassador in Berlin is at this moment making a similar démarche, accompanied also by a definite time limit. The House has already been made aware of our plans. As I said the other day, we are ready.
This is a sad day for all of us, and to none is it sadder than to me. Everything that I have worked for, everything that I have hoped for, everything that I have believed in during my public life, has crashed into ruins. There is only one thing left for me to do; that is, to devote what strength and powers I have to forwarding the victory of the cause for which we have to sacrifice so much. I cannot tell what part I may be allowed to play myself; I trust I may live to see the day when Hitlerism has been destroyed and a liberated Europe has been re-established.
8 Great Britain, Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, Fifth Series, vol. 351, pp. 291–292.
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Chicago: "British Declaration of State of War With Germany, September 3, 1939," Documents and Readings in the History of Europe Since 1918 in Documents and Readings in the History of Europe Since 1918, ed. Walter Consuelo Langsam and James Michael Egan (Chicage: Lippincott, 1951), 857–858. Original Sources, accessed April 18, 2024, http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=M4INK257HZHFJ75.
MLA: . "British Declaration of State of War With Germany, September 3, 1939." Documents and Readings in the History of Europe Since 1918, in Documents and Readings in the History of Europe Since 1918, edited by Walter Consuelo Langsam and James Michael Egan, Chicage, Lippincott, 1951, pp. 857–858. Original Sources. 18 Apr. 2024. http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=M4INK257HZHFJ75.
Harvard: , 'British Declaration of State of War With Germany, September 3, 1939' in Documents and Readings in the History of Europe Since 1918. cited in 1951, Documents and Readings in the History of Europe Since 1918, ed. , Lippincott, Chicage, pp.857–858. Original Sources, retrieved 18 April 2024, from http://originalsources.com/Document.aspx?DocID=M4INK257HZHFJ75.
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